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- Historical concepts
- Introduction to the Student online textbook
- Paper 1 Focused Studies (SL and HL)
- Paper 1: Key information!
- Paper 1: The Focused Studies
- 1.1 Climate and innovation
- Example 1: Norse exploration (circa 982– 1020)
- a. What factors prompted innovation
- i. Norse society and the start of the 'Viking Age'
- ii Role of population pressure & land
- iii Role of technological advances in shipbuilding
- iv Role of Erik Thorvaldsson & Leif Erikson
- b. How did climate conditions shape innovation?
- c. What innovations took place?
- d. Sources for Norse innovation
- Example 2: The Aztec Empire (circa 1428–1469)
- 1.2 Independence and Identity
- Example 1: The Haitian revolution (c1780-1811)
- a. What prompted the emergence of the independence movement?
- b. How was independence achieved?
- c. How, and with what challenges, was a new identity formed?
- d. Sources for Haiti
- Example 2: Kenyan independence (1945-1978)
- 1.3 Political and economic transitions
- Example 1: The Meiji Restoration (1853 - 1894)
- a. What caused the transition to take place?
- b. How was the transition achieved?
- c. What challenges did society face after the transition?
- d. The Meiji Restoration: Sources
- Example 2: The Russian Federation (1985-1999)
- 1.4 Conflict and displacement
- Example 1: Post-war displacement in Europe (1945–1960)
- a. What were the conditions that led to mass displacement?
- b. What was the national and international response to displacement?
- c. How was displacement experienced by different groups
- Example 2: Indochina refugee crisis (1975-1990)
- 1.5 Protest and Change
- Paper 2 Thematic Studies (SL and HL)
- Paper 2: Key information!
- Paper 2: The Thematic Studies
- 1. Conflict from 750
- 1. Conflict: Introduction to the lines of inquiry
- Conflict: Cold War in Europe
- 1. Why did the Cold War conflict emerge in Europe?
- 2. What determined the outcome of the conflict?
- 3. How did the conflict affect people's lives?
- 8. The Cold War: Videos and activities
- 9. The Cold War: Videos and activities CNN Series
- Conflict: The First World War
- 1. First World War: Why did conflict emerge?
- 2. What determined the outcome of the conflict?
- a. Strategies and tactics
- b. The role of new technologies
- c. Leadership and mobilisation
- d. Conclusions on the defeat of Germany and its Allies
- 3. How did the conflict affect people’s lives?
- Conflict: Algeria
- 1. Why did conflict emerge?
- 2. What determined the outcome of the conflict?
- 3. How did the conflict affect people’s lives?
- 4. How was peace established?
- 5. Algeria: Paper 2 practice questions
- Conflict: Second World War: Europe
- 1. Second World War-Europe: Why did conflict emerge?
- 2. Second World War-Europe: What determined the outcome?
- 3. Second World War-Europe: How did the conflict affect people’s lives?
- 4. Second World War-Europe: How was peace established?
- a) Military outcome
- b) Political decision-making
- c) Social factors
- d) i) Post-conflict peace-building
- d) ii) Post-conflict peace-building
- 5. Second World War Europe: Paper 2 practice questions
- Conflict: Vietnam
- 1. Vietnam War: Why did conflict emerge?
- 2. Vietnam War: What determined the outcome of this conflict?
- a. Vietnamese: Strategy and tactics
- b. US strategies, technology and mobilisation
- c. The role of leaders
- 3. Vietnam War: How did conflict affect people’s lives?
- 4. Vietnam War: How was peace established?
- 5. Vietnam: Paper 2 practice questions
- 6. Vietnam War: Videos and activities
- 2. Innovation and transformation (from 750 CE onwards)
- 1. Innovation and transformation: Introduction to the lines of inquiry
- Industrial Britain
- 1. Why did technological innovations emerge?
- 2. How did the innovations transform societies?
- a. What were the key innovations?
- b. Economic and environmental change
- c. Cultural change
- d. Political change
- 3. How were the innovations resisted?
- 4. How did the innovations affect peoples’ lives?
- 5. Britain: Paper 2 practice questions
- Meiji Japan
- 3. Authoritarian Rule from 1750
- 1. Authoritarian Rule: Introduction to lines of inquiry
- China under Mao Zedong
- 1. China under Mao: Why did an authoritarian state emerge?
- i. The role of ideas
- ii. The role of conflict
- iii. The role of social and economic factors
- iv. Establishment of power 1949 - 1953
- 2. China under Mao: How was authoritarian rule maintained?
- 3. China under Mao: How did authoritarian rule affect people’s lives?
- 4. China under Mao: How was authoritarian rule challenged?
- 5. China under Mao: Paper 2 practice questions
- 6. China under Mao: videos
- Cuba under Castro
- 1. Castro's Cuba: Why did authoritarian rule emerge?
- 2. Castro's Cuba: How was authoritarian rule maintained?
- 3. Cuba: How did authoritarian rule affect people’s lives?
- 4. How was authoritarian rule challenged?
- 5. Castro's Cuba: Paper 2 practice questions
- Nazi Germany
- 4. Popular movements from 1750
- 1. Popular Movements: Introduction to the lines of inquiry
- The Civil Rights movement in the United States
- 1. Why did the civil rights movement emerge in the US
- 2. How did the civil rights movement create change?
- a. Non-violent methods: legal challenges
- b. Non-violent methods: Popular participation and direct action
- c. Use of violent methods
- d. Importance of culture in the civil rights movement
- 3. How was the civil rights movement opposed?
- 4. What was the impact of the Civil Rights movement?
- 5. US Civil Rights: Paper 2 practice questions
- a. Section A questions using Civil Rights movement
- b. Section B, part a questions for Civil Rights movement
- 6. US Civil rights: Videos and activities
- The movement against Apartheid in South Africa
- 1. Why did the movement against apartheid emerge?
- a. Political conditions of Apartheid
- a. Political conditions before 1948
- b. Political conditions post 1948: the system of apartheid and ideolgogical challenges
- b. Social and economic conditions
- 2. How did the anti-apartheid movement create change?
- 3. How was the anti-apartheid movement opposed?
- 4. What was the impact of the anti-apartheid movement?
- 5. Movement against apartheid: Paper 2 practice questions
- Paper 3: Regional Studies (HL only)
- Paper 3: Key information!
- 1. Africa and the Middle East
- 9: Conflict and instability in the Middle East (1896–2020)
- 1. Origins of the Arab–Israeli conflict
- 2. Reasons for Arab–Jewish tensions (to 1945)
- 3. Reasons for the First Arab–Israeli War (1948)
- 4. Continuation and escalation of the Arab–Israeli conflict
- a. Military conflicts in 1956, 1967 and 1973
- b. The Palestinian Liberation Organisation (PLO)
- c. Israeli policies after 1948
- 5. Impact of the Arab–Israeli conflict
- 6. Attempts to reach a peaceful settlement
- 7. Arab-Israeli conflict: Essay planning
- 2. The Americas
- Regional study 11: Social movements in the Americas (1945–2020)
- 1. Reasons for the emergence of the African American civil rights movement
- 2. Methods used by the African American civil rights movement to create change
- 3. Extent of change achieved by the African American civil rights movement
- 7. Social movements: Essay planning
- Regional study 4: The US Civil War (1840–1877)
- 1. Impact of the system of slavery on the USA
- 2. Long-term causes of the Civil War
- 3. Short term causes of the Civil War
- 4. Reasons for the outcome of the Civil War
- a. Military and economic strengths and weaknesses of the Union and the Confederacy
- b. Role of political and military leaders
- c. Role of the Emancipation Proclamation and African American participation
- d. Role of Foreign Relations (and conclusions)
- 5. The impact of the Civil War
- 6. The successes and failures of Reconstruction
- 7. US Civil War: Essay planning activities
- Regional study 9: Americas during Cold War (1945-1991)
- 1. Impact of the Cold War Truman and Eisenhowe
- a. Origins of the Cold War: the Truman Doctrine
- b. The globalization of the Cold War under Eisenhower
- 2. Cuban Revolution & impact on Americas
- 3. Impact of Cold War on Kennedy & Johnson
- 4. Impact of US foreign policies on Americas
- 5 Impact of the Cold War on Canada
- 6 Impact of Cold War on Cuba
- 7. The Americas during the Cold war: Essay planning
- 8. The Cold War: Videos and activities
- 9. The Cold War: Videos and activities CNN Series
- 3. Asia and Oceania
- Regional study 12: The People’s Republic of China (1949–2020)
- 1. Mao consolidation and maintenance of power (1949–1976)
- a. Establishment of CCP and PLA control after 1949
- b. The Hundred Flowers Campaign (1956)
- c. Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, 1966
- 2. Economic and social transformations and challenges under Mao (1949–1976)
- a. Land Reform Movement (1949–1952) and First Five-Year Plan
- b. The Great Leap Forward
- c. Changing role of women
- d. Education, healthcare and religion
- 3. Foreign policy successes and failures under Mao
- 4. Impact of political developments (1976–2020)
- a. Power struggle following the death of Mao
- b. Tiananmen Square (1989)
- c. Jiang Zemin and Xi Jinping
- 5. Economic and social transformations and challenges (1976–2020)
- 6. The People's Republic of China: Essay planning
- Regional study 11: The Cold War in Asia (1949–2002)
- 1. Reasons for the Korean War (1950–1953)
- 2. Impact of the war on North and South Korea and the region (to 1963)
- 3. Reasons for conflict in Vietnam (1954–1975)
- a. The legacy of French colonialism and Second World War
- b. The role of the key players in causing the war
- 4. Impact of the Vietnam conflict (to 1985)
- a. Impact of US and Vietcong tactics
- d. Destabilization of Cambodia (to 1975)
- b. The political impact
- c. Economic and environmental impact
- 8. Cold War in Asia: Sample essays
- 4. Europe
- 6. Europe and the First World War (1871–1923)
- 1. The changing balance of power in Europe after 1871
- 2. Causes and impact of German foreign policy before the First World War
- 3. Reasons for the First World War
- 4. Reasons for the defeat of Germany and the other Central Powers
- Military strategy of the Central Powers and Allied Powers
- b. Economic and technological factors
- c. Impact of the US
- d. Mobilization of the home fronts
- 5. Impact of the First World War on one European country (to 1923)
- 6. Impact of the Paris Peace Treaties (1919–1923)
- 7. First World War: Videos and activities
- 8. Europe and the First World War: Essay frames and writing exercises
- 9. Europe and the First World War: Sample essays
- 7. The Russian Revolution (1855 - 1924)
- 1. The policies of the pre-revolution Tsars
- a. Policies of Alexander II
- b. Policies of Alexander III (1881 - 1894)
- c. Policies of Nicholas II (1894 - 1917)
- 2. Causes and impact of the 1905 Revolution
- 3. Impact of policies of repression and reform (1905–1917)
- 4. Reasons for the October Revolution and rise to power of the Bolsheviks
- a. Impact of First World War and March revolutio
- b. The collapse of the Provisional government and Bolshevik Revolution
- 5. Survival and consolidation of Bolshevik rule
- a. Initial policies, terror and end of the war
- b. The Russian Civil War and War Communism
- c. New Economic Policy
- 6. Impact of Bolshevik Rule
- 7. The Russian Revolution: Essay planning
- 8. The Russian Revolution: Videos and activities
- 8. European totalitarianism (1918 - 1941)
- 1. Benito Mussolini’s rise and consolidation of power (1918–1926)
- a. The weakness of the liberal state by 1921
- b. The March on Rome
- c. Mussolini's consolidation of power
- 2. Domestic impact of Mussolini’s Italy (to 1940)
- 3. Failure of Weimar Germany, and Adolf Hitler’s rise and consolidation of power (1918–1934)
- a. Constitutional, political, economic and social challenges (1918–1929)
- i. Constitutional and political challenges 1919 - 1923
- ii. Economic and social challenges 1919 - 1923
- b. “Golden Era” under Gustav Stresemann (1924–1929)
- c. The Great Depression and years of crisis (1929–1933)
- d. Consolidation of power 1933 - 34
- 4. Domestic impact of Hitler’s Germany (to 1939)
- 5. Joseph Stalin’s rise and consolidation of power (to 1941)
- 6. Domestic impact of Stalin’s USSR (to 1941)
- 7. Totalitarian States: Essay planning
- 8. European totalitarianism (1918–1941): Videos and activities
- 9: Europe & the Second World War (1918-1949)
- 1. Successes & challenges of League of Nations
- a. Aims, organization and structure
- b. Successes and challenges in the 1920s
- c. Response to crises in the 1930s
- 2. Reasons for the Second World War
- 3. Reasons for Axis defeat and Allied victory (to 1945)
- 4 Impact of Second World War one European country (to 1949)
- 5. Reasons for persecution & mass murder of marginalized groups
- 6. Responses to persecution & mass murder (to 1949)
- 7. Europe and the Second World War: Essay frames and writing exercises (copy)
- 8. Europe and the Second World War: Videos and activities
- 10: Democracy, authoritarianism and conflict in Spain (circa 1920–2020)
- 1. Challenges to Spanish democracy in the 1920s and early 1930s
- a. Political, social and economic factors
- b. Miguel Primo de Rivera's regime
- c. The Second Republic and polarisation 1931 - 1936
- 2. Immediate causes of the Spanish Civil War
- 3. Reasons for Nationalist victory in the Spanish Civil War
- 4. Impact of Franco's regime
- 5. Transition to, and establishment of, democracy (to 1982)
- 7. Spain: Essay planning
- 12: Europe during and after the Cold War (1945–2020)
- 1. Emergence of the Cold War in Europe
- 2. Impact of Cold War on Germany (1945–1990)
- 3. Impact of Cold War on Western & Northern Europe
- 4. Impact of Cold War on Central & Eastern Europe
- 5 Impact of European political integration after Cold War (to 2020)
- 6 Post-Cold War developments in one European country (Poland)