3. First and Second Opium Wars
In mid-19th century, two conflicts, known as the First and the Second Opium Wars were fought between Britain and Qing China. The ‘unequal’ treaties that were subsequently imposed on the defeated Chinese led to the weakening of the Qing dynasty and the opening up of China to western goods and longer-term western influence.The Canton System was replaced by the Treaty System.The imposition of these terms, and legacy of...