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5. Transition to, and establishment of, democracy (to 1982)
Between Franco's death in 1975 and the mid 1980s Spain's political system underwent a dramatic transformation - from a brutal dictatorship to a liberal democracy. This page examines some of the factors...
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Paper 3: Key information!
Paper 3 is for Higher Level Students only This page outlines: What content will you cover for Paper 3? You will be covering one Regional Option (out of Africa and the Middle East, Asia, Americas, Europe)....
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Paper 3: The examination (2028)
Below is a reminder of what to expect in the Paper 3 exam as well as timings that you should consider in the exam. Review of what to expect in the examination There will be two questions on each of the...
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a. Party politics
The UCD was swept away in the 1982 election when the PSOE won a landslide majority. The PSOE would maintain power for the next 14 years until the right-wing party Partido Popular took over, thereby establishing...
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6. Successes and challenges in Spain (1982–2020)
This section examines the key political developments in Spain's new democracy; the impact of the two main political parties on the social and economic development of Spain as well as Spain's role in European...
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7. Spain: Essay planning
This page contains a variety of essay writing exercises and essay plans for this topic. Each essay will give an argument in the question and you will need to evaluate this argument by presenting and evaluating...
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c. How, and with what challenges, was a new identity formed?
In order to consolidate the revolution and secure freedom for slaves, Toussaint Louverture gave Saint Domingue a constitution in 1801. Following the ensuing French invasion, Toussaint's capture and finally...
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b. Wilson’s peace ideals
Wilson had very clear views as to how peace should be reached in Europe and what ideals should underpin any peace treaty. However the Versailles Settlement ultimately fell short of Wilson's ideals and,...
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a. War on Land
War on land took place in several theatres in the First World War. Although the Western Front was the most significant theatre of war, fighting also took place in other areas of Europe, in the Middle...
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1d) Social & Environmental factors
Long-term and short-term social factors such as the importance of national identity, the impact of the ‘Dirty War’ era in Argentina and social tensions in Britain during Thatcher's tenure all contributed...