Useful chemicals for IB Biology
Solutes & solvents
Every biology laboratory will need a supply of chemicals to support the practical program. Of course, many chemicals can be shared between the chemistry and biology sections. This list is not exhaustive but provides the basics to give students a variety of experiences in practical work. Microscale chemistry will help spread the budget but more importantly teach the students about the economy of needs. "Waste not, want not" is quite appropriate to the sciences too.
Chemicals do need to be stored appropriately for safety reasons. Volatile solvents should be in vented cupboards while toxic and dangerous chemicals should be in locked cabinets. Having sliding shelves as in the picture allows for easier and safer access to the containers. Proper labelling of material, concentration, date made or purchased along with any safety or hazard symbol is important.
Acid & alkalis
Item | Suggested Use |
Acetic acid ( vinegar) | enzymes, cells, physiology |
Ascorbic acid | biochemistry |
Hydrochloric acid HCl | enzymes |
Nitric acid HNO3 | enzymes |
Calcium carbonate CaCO3 | biochemistry |
Potassium hydroxide KOH | respiration |
Sodium hydroxide NaOH | cells, enzymes |
Organic solvents
Item | Suggested Use |
Acetone | enzymes, membranes |
Ethanol | enzymes, cells, physiology |
Glycerol | enzymes, membranes |
Hexanol | enzymes, membranes |
Propanol | enzymes, membranes |
Vegetable oils ( olive, sunflower, raps) | enzymes, membranes |
Organic substances
Item | Suggested Use |
Alanine | biochemistry |
Cysteine | biochemistry |
Glutamic acid | biochemistry |
Glycine | biochemistry |
Phenylalanine | biochemistry |
Albumin (egg white) | osmosis, enzymes |
Fructose | cells, enzymes |
Galactose | cells, enzymes |
Glucose | cell, enzymes, respiration |
Starch | cells, enzymes |
Sucrose | cells, enzymes |
Indicators
Item | Suggested Use |
Acid Fuchsin | collagen stain |
Benedicts solution | reducing sugars ( glucose) |
Bicarbonate indicator | HCO3 in solution ( carbon dioxide) |
Biuret solution | testing for proteins |
Congo Red | active transport in yeast |
Cresol red | acid base indicator |
Crystal Violet | Gram stain for bacteria |
Eosin B | cell stains |
Eosin Y | cell stains |
Glucose test strips | glucose in solutions |
Gram Stain | bacteria stain |
Hematoxylin | nuclear chromatin stain |
Iodine solution | starch test |
Litmus paper & solution | acid base indicator |
Methyl blue | collagen and connective tissue stain |
Methylene blue | animal cell stain, oxidizing agent |
pH indicator paper | acid base indicator |
Phenolphthalein | acid base indicator |
Toluidene blue | nuclear stain |
Universal indicator solution | acid base indicator |
Miscellaneous substances
Item | Suggested Use |
Agar, basic | cell surface area to volume lab with agar cake |
ATP | biochemistry |
NAD | biochemistry, oxidizing agent |
Nail polish- clear | transpiration, stomatal count, plant science |
Nutrient agar | bacterial cultures |
Vaseline | enzymes, membranes, transpiration, respiration |
Visking tubing | osmosis, diffusion, membranes |