Capacitors are electrical components used in circuits requiring timing or smoothing. They store charge, which is then released at a rate that can be controlled.First let us consider a charged metal sphere (here shown in glorious two dimensions on screen):The potential on the surface of the sphere is given by the equation:\(V={1\over4\pi\varepsilon_0}{Q\over r}\)Notice that \(V\propto Q\). The ratio of charge to potential is called the capacitance of the...