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- Paper 1 - Optional Themes Revision Units
- Option A - Freshwater Environments
- 1. Drainage Basin Hydrology and Geomorphology
- Drainage Basins
- The Water Budget
- River Processes
- Upper Course Landforms
- Middle Course Landforms - Floodplains and Levées
- Middle Course Landforms - Meanders and Ox-bow Lakes
- Lower Course Landforms - Deltas
- 2. Floods and Flood Mitigation
- 3. Water Scarcity and Water Quality
- Conflicts and Resolutions in the Mekong River Basin
- Water Scarcity
- Environmental Consequences of Agriculture
- Groundwater and Lakes
- 4. Water Management Futures
- Community Participation in Water Management
- The Lancang - Mekong Dam Cascade
- Integrated Drainage Basin Management - Mekong
- Growing Pressures on Wetlands
- Freshwater Quizzes
- Option D - Geophysical Hazards
- Unit 1 - Geophysical Systems
- Plate Movement
- Volanoes and Associated Hazards
- Earthquakes and Associated Hazards
- Earthquakes and Associated Hazards 2
- Mass Movements
- Unit 2 - Geophysical Hazard Risk
- Distribution Patterns, Magnnitude and Recurrence
- Hazard Risk and Human Factors
- Geographic Factors Influencing Impacts
- Unit 3 - Hazard Risk and Vulnerability
- Unit 4 - Future Resilience and Adaption
- Option E Leisure, Tourism and Sport
- Changing Leisure Patterns
- Participation in Countries at Contrasting Stages of Development
- The Growth and Changing Purpose of Leisure Time
- Classifying Tourism and Sport
- Economic Development and Participation in Leisure
- Tourism and Sport at the Local and National Scale
- Factors Influencing Tourism Hotspots
- Spheres of Influence of Sport and Tourist Facilities
- The Geography of U.S. WNBA
- Large Scale Events
- The Geographic Impacts of Burning Man
- Tourism and Sport at the International Scale
- International Sporting Events
- Niche Tourism
- The Role of TNCs
- The South African Football World Cup 2010
- TNCs and the Costs and Benefits for Different Stakeholders
- Tourism as a National Development Strategy
- Managing Tourism and Sport for the Future
- Option F - Food and Health
- Unit 1 - Measuring Food and Health
- Unit 2 - Food Systems and the Spread of Disease
- Comparing Farming Systems
- Processes Impacting Food Consumption
- Diffusion of Agricultural Innovation and Disease
- Disease Diffusion Case Studies
- Unit 3 - Stakeholders in Food and Health
- International Organizations
- The Role of TNCs and the Media in Food
- Gender Roles in Food and Health
- Factors Affecting Famines
- Unit 4 - Future Health, Security and Sustainability
- Option G - Urban Environments
- The Variety of Urban Environments
- The Characteristics of Urban Places
- Economic Activity in Urban Places
- Patterns of Residential Areas
- Patterns of Poverty
- Changing Urban Systems
- Urban Environmental and Social Stress
- Urban Micro-climates
- Air Pollution in New Delhi
- Managing Traffic Congestion - Vitoria-Gasteiz
- Contested Land-use Changes
- Managing Urban Social Deprivation and Crime
- Sustainable Urban Systems
- Paper 2 - Geographic Perspectives and Global Change
- Core Case Studies and Detailed Examples
- Exam Guide
- Exam Success
- Unit 1 - Changing Population
- Changing Population Case Studies and Examples
- Chapter 1a - Population Distribution at the Global scale
- Chapter 1b - Global Patterns of Economic Development
- Chapter 1c - Population distribution and economic development at the national scale
- Chapter 1d - China - Uneven Population Distribution
- Chapter 1e - Nigeria - Uneven Population Distribution
- Chapter 2a - Population Change and Demographic Transition
- Chapter 2b - China - Population Change
- Chapter 2c - Nigeria - Population Change
- Chapter 2d - The Consequences of Megacity Growth
- Chapter 2e - Forced Migration and Internal Displacement in Nigeria
- Chapter 2f - The European Migration Crisis
- Chapter 3a - Trends in Demographics
- Chapter 3b - Pro-natal Policies and Policies Associated with Ageing Societies
- Chapter 3c - Anti-natalist Policies
- Chapter 3d - Policies Associated with Gender Equality in Developing and Emerging Economies
- Chapter 3e - Policies Associated with Gender Inequality in Developed Countries
- Chapter 3f - Policies Associated with Human Trafficking
- Chapter 3g- South Korea Demographic Dividend
- Unit 2 - Global Climate Vulnerability and Resilience
- Chapter 4a - The Atmospheric System
- Chapter 4b - Changes in Solar Radiation and Volcanic Activity
- Chapter 4c - Terrestrial Albedo Changes
- Chapter 4d - Methane Gas Release
- Chapter 4e - The Enhanced Greenhouse Effect
- Chapter 5a - Effects on Water Stored as Ice and Sea Levels
- Chapter 5b - The Effects on Carbon Stores
- Chapter 5c - Effects on Extreme Weather Events
- Chapter 5d - Effects on Biomes, Habitats and Animal Migration
- Chapter 5e - Effects on Agriculture
- Chapter 5f - Impacts on Health and Migration
- Chapter 5g - Impacts Ocean Transport Routes
- Chapter 6a - Disparities in Exposure to Climate Change
- Chapter 6b - Contrasting Vulnerability - Detailed Examples
- Chapter 6c - Global Geopolitical Efforts
- Chapter 6d - Carbon Emission Offsetting and Trading
- Chapter 6e - Technology and Geo-Engineering
- Chapter 6f - Civil Society and Corporate Strategies
- Chapter 6g - Responses of Non-Governmental Stakeholders in Bangladesh
- Unit 3 - Global Resource Consumption and Security
- Chapter 7a - Poverty Reduction
- Chapter 7b - Trends in Resource Consumption
- Chapter 7c - Water Trends
- Chapter 7d - Trends in Food
- Chapter 7e - Trends in Energy
- Chapter 8a - The Water-Food-Energy Nexus
- Chapter 8b - Climate Change and Resource Security in India and South Africa
- Chapter 8c - Waste
- Chapter 9a - Population and Resources: The Pessimistic View
- Chapter 9b - Population and Resources: The Optimistic View
- Chapter 9c - Population and Resources: Balanced Views
- Chapter 9d - The Circular Economy
- Chapter 9e - The Role of the UN and the SDGs
- Paper 3 - Global Interactions
- Exam Guide- Paper 3
- How to write the Essays
- Unit 4 - Power Places and Networks
- Chapter 1a - Globalisation Indices
- Chapter 1b - Global Superpowers
- Chapter 1c - Powerful Economic Groups
- Chapter 1d - Global Lending Instiutions
- Chapter 1e - OPEC
- Chapter 2a - Global Flows in Materials, Goods and Services
- Chapter 2b - Flows in Aid, Loans and Debt Relief
- Chapter 2c - Flows in Remittances
- Chapter 2d - Illegal Flows
- Chapter 2e - FDI and Outsourcing from TNCs
- Chapter 2f - Apple and ABInBev
- Chapter 3a - MGOs and Free Trade Zones
- Chapter 3b - Economic Migration Controls and Rules
- Chapter 3c - Big Data - Small World
- Chapter 3d - Transport Developments
- Chapter 3e - Communication and Infrastructure
- Chapter 3f - Geographical Isolation
- Chapter 3g - Natural Resource Availability
- Unit 5 - Human Development and Diversity
- Chapter 4a - Development Opportunities - SDGs
- Chapter 4b - Valididity and Reliability of Development Measures
- Chapter 4c - Empowering Women
- Chapter 4d - Empowering Indigenous People and Minority Groups
- Chapter 4e - Social Entrepreneur Approaches - Microfinance
- Chapter 4f - Fairtrade
- Chapter 4g - TNC Corporate Social Responsibility
- Chapter 5a - The Global Spectrum of Culture and Diversity
- Chapter 5b - Cultural Imperialism
- Chapter 5c - Cultural Hybridity
- Chapter 5d - Cultural Landscape Changes
- Chapter 5e - The North African Diaspora in Europe
- Chapter 6a - The Rejection of Globalized Production
- Chapter 6b - Anti-immigration Movements
- Chapter 6c - Government and Malitia Controls on Freedoms
- Chapter 6d - National Trade Restrictions
- Chapter 6e - The Role of Civil Society and International Mindedness
- Unit 6 - Global Risks and Resilience
- Chapter 7a - Technology Threats
- Chapter 7b - Threats to Global Supply Chains
- Chapter 7c - Profit Repatriation and Tax Avoidance
- Chapter 7d - Disruptive Technologies
- Chapter 7e - Globalisation and Renewed Nationalism
- Chapter 8a - Transboudary Pollution - Plastic
- Chapter 8b - Localised Pollution from Global Flows
- Chapter 8c - Global Flows and Carbon Footprints
- Chapter 8d - The Global Shift and Pollution
- Chapter 8e - Environmental Issues with Global Food Systems
- Chapter 9a - Civil Society Campaigns
- Chapter 9b - Reshoring Economic Activity
- Chapter 9c - Crowd-sourcing Technologies
- Chapter 9d - Cybersecurity and E-passports