A 1.1.4 Primary Memory
To function efficiently, computer systems rely on primary memory components, including RAM, ROM, cache, and registers. RAM stores active data and programs, ROM holds essential system instructions, and cache (L1, L2, L3) speeds up data access. Registers hold data that is actively used by the CPU. Cache misses and hits influence performance: a cache hit means data is found in the cache, while a miss requires fetching...