Topics 7 & 17

Equilibrium is another key concept that runs right through the whole of chemistry. Technically all chemical reactions are reversible and so can reach a state of equilibrium but in practice many do go virtually to completion. For example, the equilibrium constant for the reaction between zinc metal and copper(II) sulfate solution is in the order of 1 x 1037.At Standard Level, you need to know the difference between dynamic...

To access the contents of this site, you must subscribe.