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                        A 1.1.7 Secondary Memory
                                    

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                                            <p class="text-body mb-0 mb-lg-3"> Primary memory loses its contents the moment the power goes off, so every computer needs somewhere permanent to keep its operating system, applications and files. That is the job of secondary memory....</p>
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                            07 November 2026
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                        A 1.1.6 Pipelining (HL Only)
                                    

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                                            <p class="text-body mb-0 mb-lg-3"> A single core working through one instruction at a time leaves most of its hardware idle. Pipelining puts that idle hardware to work by overlapping the stages of several instructions, so a core can have...</p>
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                            07 November 2026
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    <a href="/computerscience/page/58612/a-115-the-fetch-decode-and-execute-cycle" class="card text-body rounded-0 text-decoration-none" data-turbo-frame="_top" data-turbo="false">
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                        A 1.1.5 The fetch, decode and execute cycle
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                                            <p class="text-body mb-0 mb-lg-3"> Every program reaches the CPU as a sequence of machine language instructions, and the CPU handles each one in exactly the same way. It fetches the instruction from memory, decodes it to work out what...</p>
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                            07 November 2026
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    <a href="/computerscience/page/58611/a-114-primary-memory" class="card text-body rounded-0 text-decoration-none" data-turbo-frame="_top" data-turbo="false">
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                        A 1.1.4 Primary Memory
                                    

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                                            <p class="text-body mb-0 mb-lg-3"> When the CPU needs an instruction or a value, where that data happens to be decides how long the CPU waits for it. Primary memory is not one thing but a family of types, each with a distinct purpose:...</p>
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                            07 November 2026
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                                            <p class="text-body mb-0 mb-lg-3"> Unlock the power of recursion! This section explores the fascinating world of recursive programming. Learn how functions can call themselves to solve problems, discover the advantages and limitations...</p>
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                            07 November 2026
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                        B 2.4.4 Recursion Java (HL Only)
                                    

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                                            <p class="text-body mb-0 mb-lg-3"> Unlock the power of recursion! This section explores the fascinating world of recursive programming. Learn how functions can call themselves to solve problems, discover the advantages and limitations...</p>
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                            07 November 2026
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                                            <p class="text-body mb-0 mb-lg-3"> A network rarely sends a message as one piece. It breaks the message into small parts called packets, sends each one separately, and rebuilds the message at the far end. This is packet switching, and...</p>
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                            07 November 2026
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                        A 1.1.5 Fetch, Decode, Execute Cycle
                                    

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                                            <p class="text-body mb-0 mb-lg-3"> The fetch-decode-execute cycle is the core operation of a computer's CPU. It involves fetching instructions from memory, decoding them, and executing the specified operations. Memory and registers interact...</p>
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                            06 November 2026
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                        A 3.4.1 Different types of database (HL Only)
                                    

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                                            <p class="text-body mb-0 mb-lg-3"> NoSQL, cloud, spatial, and in-memory databases suit diverse needs like e-commerce, GIS, managed services, real-time analytics, social media, and SaaS. Understanding these models is key. Updated 04/11/2026...</p>
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                            04 November 2026
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                                            <p class="text-body mb-0 mb-lg-3"> Accept a different model if the reason is valid and refers to how the data is stored....</p>
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                            04 November 2026
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