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            <a href="/history/page/66864/example-2-kenyan-independence-1945-1978" class="card text-body rounded-0 text-decoration-none" data-turbo-frame="_top" data-turbo="false">
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            alt="Example 2: Kenyan independence (1945-1978)"
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                        Example 2: Kenyan independence (1945-1978)
                                                <span class='topic-heading-badge d-inline-flex align-items-center justify-content-center'>Free</span>

                    </h5>
                                            <p class="text-body mb-0 mb-lg-3"> Kenyan independence came about following a guerrilla insurgency against British rule which ended up being one of the British Army's bloodiest post-war conflicts. Although the rising was defeated, many...</p>
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                            08 February 2026
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    <a href="/history/page/57817/d-kenyan-independence-sources" class="card text-body rounded-0 text-decoration-none" data-turbo-frame="_top" data-turbo="false">
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            alt="d. Kenyan Independence: Sources"
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                        d. Kenyan Independence: Sources
                                    

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                                            <p class="text-body mb-0 mb-lg-3"> See below for resources that you can use for extra information and for sources on this topic.  Works of historians Nichola Rankin, Trapped in History, Kenya, Mau Mau and Me, Faber 2023 ES Atieno Odhiambo...</p>
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                            08 February 2026
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    <a href="/history/page/66865/b-what-was-the-national-and-international-response-to-displaceme" class="card text-body rounded-0 text-decoration-none" data-turbo-frame="_top" data-turbo="false">
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            src="https://teacher-sites-storage.inthinking.net/ib/history/newfolder/89c6928e-c5cf-441a-8c2e-b09756bb0f9e.jpg"
            alt="b. What was the national and international response to displacement?"
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                        b. What was the national and international response to displacement?
                                    

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                                            <p class="text-body mb-0 mb-lg-3"> In November 1943, the Allies had created the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA), explicitly anticipating mass post‑war displacement.  This organisation was tasked with initially...</p>
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                            07 February 2026
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    <a href="/history/page/66862/i-processing-dps-allied-governments-ngos" class="card text-body rounded-0 text-decoration-none" data-turbo-frame="_top" data-turbo="false">
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            alt="i) Processing DPs, Allied governments &amp; NGOs"
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                        i) Processing DPs, Allied governments & NGOs
                                    

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                                            <p class="text-body mb-0 mb-lg-3"> This page examines  What were the displaced persons camps? How were DPs processed for migration, emigration and repatriations? What was the role of Allied governments and non-governmental organisations?...</p>
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                            07 February 2026
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            alt="1. Popular Movements: Introduction to the lines of inquiry"
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                        1. Popular Movements: Introduction to the lines of inquiry
                                    

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                                            <p class="text-body mb-0 mb-lg-3"> This page introduces you to the ‘Inquiry questions’ for this topic as well as the ‘lines of inquiry’ that you will be following under each of these inquiry questions.  What is a popular movement? For...</p>
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                            07 February 2026
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    <a href="/history/page/62102/a-conflict-in-vietnam" class="card text-body rounded-0 text-decoration-none" data-turbo-frame="_top" data-turbo="false">
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                        a. Conflict in Vietnam
                                    

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                                            <p class="text-body mb-0 mb-lg-3"> The war in Vietnam led to mass displacement; this was due to the devastating impact of 20 years of war in the country. The Communist take over of South Vietnam in 1975 then led to a refugee crisis; by...</p>
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                            07 February 2026
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            alt="c. Conflict in Laos"
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                        c. Conflict in Laos
                                    

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                                            <p class="text-body mb-0 mb-lg-3"> In Laos, a nationalist, communist group called Pathet Lao (‘Lao Nation’), was of concern to the US who again intervened in Laos' domestic affairs, and used military force, to keep Pathet Lao out of government....</p>
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                            07 February 2026
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    <a href="/history/page/66826/ii-role-of-fear-economic-factors" class="card text-body rounded-0 text-decoration-none" data-turbo-frame="_top" data-turbo="false">
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            alt="ii) Role of fear &amp; economic factors"
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                        ii) Role of fear & economic factors
                                    

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                                            <p class="text-body mb-0 mb-lg-3"> At the end of the Second World War millions of people were also displaced by the fear of reprisals, ethnic cleansing and economic factors.  To what extent did persecution and the fear of reprisals play...</p>
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                            07 February 2026
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            alt="a. What prompted the emergence of the independence movement?"
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                        a. What prompted the emergence of the independence movement?
                                    

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                                            <p class="text-body mb-0 mb-lg-3"> The independence movement in Kenya grew out of the conflict over land ownership between local population (such as Maasai and Kikuyu) and white British settlers. Under colonial legislation, land became...</p>
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                            07 February 2026
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                        1. Castro's Cuba: Why did authoritarian rule emerge?
                                    

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                                            <p class="text-body mb-0 mb-lg-3"> Cuba had been a Spanish colony until 1898 and then, following three-and-a-half years of US military rule it gained formal independence in 1902. However, US influence remained strong; the Platt Agreement...</p>
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                            06 February 2026
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