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c. What changes did the protest movement achieve, and with what limitations?
With Ben Ali having fled the country, Tunisia held elections for a constituent assembly and finally introduced a new constitution in 2014. This meant that Tunisia was the only country to have emerged...
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a. What led to the emergence of protest movements?
Ben Ali dominated Tunisian politics after 1987 and so his political, economic and social policies are key for understanding the growing unrest which led to the emergence of protest movements in 2011....
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c. How was displacement experienced by different groups?
As the political and economic situations deteriorated in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia, the steady trickle of refugees fleeing the region became a torrent. All of these refugees faced dangers and severe...
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b. How was the transition achieved?
The political and economic transition from the Soviet Union to the Russian Federation between 1985 and 1993 was achieved through the policies and leadership of Mikhail Gorbachev and Boris Yeltsin. As...
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c. How, and with what challenges, was a new identity formed?
In his speech inaugurating the newly independent Kenya, Kenyatta promised that the new government would tackle the three big challenges of poverty, ignorance and disease. He also aimed to create a strong...
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d. Sources for Haiti
See below for resources that will be useful for extra information and for sources on this topic. Works of historians Sudhir Hazareesingh, Black Spartacus, Penguin 2020 C. L. R. James, The Black Jacobins,...
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a. What prompted the emergence of the independence movement?
Prior to gaining its independence in 1804, Haiti was the French colony of Saint-Domingue. Under French rule, Saint-Domingue grew to be the wealthiest colony in the French empire and, perhaps, the richest...
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Example 1: Feminism in the US (1960-1979)
The US feminist movement of the 1960s and 1970s emerged from dissatisfaction with post-Second World War gender roles and inequality. While women had contributed significantly when needed for war work,...
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c. How, and with what challenges, was a new identity formed?
In order to consolidate the revolution and secure freedom for slaves, Toussaint Louverture gave Saint Domingue a constitution in 1801. Following the ensuing French invasion, Toussaint's capture and finally...
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a. What were the conditions that led to mass displacement? Free
The wars in Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos, involving America, created devastation of these countries and resulted in communist victories. The impact of prolonged conflicts and the policies of the incoming...