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                        A4.4.2 Ethical aspects of computer technologies in daily life
                                    

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                                            <p class="text-body mb-0 mb-lg-3"> Computer technology is woven ever more tightly into daily life, and each new capability brings ethical questions that did not exist before. The previous page looked at the ethics of the machine learning...</p>
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                            15 August 2026
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                        A4.4.1 Ethical implications of machine learning
                                    

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                                            <p class="text-body mb-0 mb-lg-3"> Machine learning is already used to decide who gets a loan, what news people see and how a self-driving car reacts. Because these systems affect real lives, their use raises ethical questions, and the...</p>
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                            15 August 2026
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                        A 4.3.10 Model selection
                                    

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                                            <p class="text-body mb-0 mb-lg-3"> The earlier pages in this option built up a collection of machine learning models, from linear regression through to convolutional neural networks. Knowing how each one works is only half the job. The...</p>
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                            14 August 2026
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                        A4.3.9 Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs)
                                    

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                                            <p class="text-body mb-0 mb-lg-3"> A convolutional neural network, or CNN, is the kind of neural network built for images. A standard multi-layer perceptron has to flatten an image into a single line of pixels before it can read it, which...</p>
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                            14 August 2026
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                        A4.3.7 Genetic Algorithms
                                    

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                                            <p class="text-body mb-0 mb-lg-3"> A genetic algorithm borrows its method from evolution. Instead of learning from a dataset, it starts with a set of possible solutions to a problem and improves them over many generations, keeping the...</p>
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                            14 August 2026
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                        A4.3.6 Reinforcement Learning
                                    

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                                            <p class="text-body mb-0 mb-lg-3"> Reinforcement learning is the third approach to machine learning, and it works quite unlike the others. There is no dataset of labelled examples and no pile of unlabelled data to sort. Instead there is...</p>
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                            14 August 2026
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                        A4.3.2 Classification Techniques
                                    

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                                            <p class="text-body mb-0 mb-lg-3"> Linear regression predicts a number. Classification answers a different kind of question: not how much, but which kind. A classification model takes a new observation and assigns it to one of a fixed...</p>
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                            13 August 2026
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                        A4.3.1 Linear regression
                                    

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                                            <p class="text-body mb-0 mb-lg-3"> Linear regression is the first predictive model in the machine learning section, and it is the one worth understanding thoroughly, because the ideas behind it carry over to almost everything that follows....</p>
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                            13 August 2026
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                        A 1.2.1-2 Representing Data (Archive)
                                    

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                                            <p class="text-body mb-0 mb-lg-3"> This section explores how computers represent data. We'll examine common number systems (binary, hexadecimal, decimal) and conversion methods. Then, we'll dive into how computers use binary to store various...</p>
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                            13 August 2026
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                        A 1.3.1 - 7 Operating and Control Systems (Archive)
                                    

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                                            <p class="text-body mb-0 mb-lg-3"> Explore the core role of operating systems (OS) in managing computer resources like memory and processors. Learn how they simplify interaction with hardware, ensuring efficient operation. We'll cover...</p>
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                            13 August 2026
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