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2. The Tanzimat reforms
During this period (1839-1876) under the reigns of the sultans Abdülmecid I and Abdülaziz a wide-ranging series of educational, political, legal and economic reforms were carried out in an attempt at...
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3. Impact of Tanzimat reforms
Despite progressive intentions, the policy of reform in the form of Tanzimat ultimately failed to save the Empire. The Turkish historian, Zeynep Çelik has written, "In summary, from 1838 to 1908 the Ottoman...
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1. Reforms of Sultan Selim III and Sultan Mahmud II
The first reforms within the Ottoman Empire were carried out by Salim III (1789 - 1807) and then by Mahmud II (1808 - 1839) These reforms laid the foundations for the Tanzimat (reorganisation) period...
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Reconstruction
Evaluate the effectiveness of methods of Southern resistance to Reconstruction between 1865 and 1876. This essay was written by a second year student. It was got to the top of the highest markband. Students...
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US Civil War: Graded student exemplars
See below for graded student essays on this topic. Evaluate the effectiveness of methods of Southern resistance to Reconstruction between 1865 and 1876. ...
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5. The Young Turk Revolution
Sultan Abdul's autocratic rule finally led to a revolution in 1908; although initially remaining as Sultan, and seemingly embracing the restoration of the 1876 constitution, a counter-revolution in 1909...
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5. Mexican Revolution: Essay planning
This page contains a variety of essay writing exercises and essay plans for this topic. Causes of the Mexican Revolution Task One In pairs, discuss and plan the following question: ‘Porfirio Díaz unleashed...
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4. Mexican Revolution: Women & culture
The Mexican Revolution led to a degree of liberation for women who took on non-traditional roles, fought in armed struggles and lobbied for female suffrage. It also inspired a wide range of revolutionary...
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Assessment
1. Origins and rise of independence movements
India and Ghana are used as examples in this essay: ‘Nationalism was the most significant factor in the development of independence movements.' Discuss with reference to two independence movements, each...
Assessment
3. Challenges in the first ten years of independence
This essay gives the first part of an answer to this essay using Pakistan as the first example Evaluate how effectively two newly independent states responded to the challenges it faced in the first 10...