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                        Case study: Record fall in household incomes erases a decade of growth 
                                    

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                                            <p class="text-body mb-0 mb-lg-3"> This page includes the student activities for the teacher page: Case study: Record fall in household incomes erases a decade of growth  The bleak forecasts were released alongside Jeremy Hunt's Autumn...</p>
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                            20 August 2026
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            alt="Unit 4.5 Exchange rates"
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                        Unit 4.5 Exchange rates
                                    

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                                            <p class="text-body mb-0 mb-lg-3"> An exchange rate is the price of one currency in terms of another set on the foreign exchange markets. Exchange rates are an important aspect of international trade because international transactions...</p>
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                            20 August 2026
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                        Unemployment v inflation trade off (HL only)
                                    

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                                            <p class="text-body mb-0 mb-lg-3"> This lesson looks at the Phillips curve, a diagram which illustrates the relationship between inflation and unemployment.  An important note for your classes to understand is that in reality any relationship...</p>
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                            19 August 2026
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                        Unemployment v inflation trade off (HL only) 
                                    

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                                            <p class="text-body mb-0 mb-lg-3"> This page includes the student activities for the teacher page: Unemployment v inflation trade off (HL only)  Phillips curve - an economic concept developed by A. W. Phillips stating that inflation and...</p>
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                            19 August 2026
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                        Inflation review sheet
                                    

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                                            <p class="text-body mb-0 mb-lg-3"> I have included this page, which contains a PDF handout as a simple revision exercise.  I find that many IB students get a degree of comfort from these short summary handouts. The page including the student...</p>
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                            19 August 2026
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                        Inflation review sheet 
                                    

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                                            <p class="text-body mb-0 mb-lg-3"> I have included this page, which contains a PDF handout as a simple revision exercise.  I find that many IB students get a degree of comfort from these short summary handouts. This page includes the student...</p>
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                            19 August 2026
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    <a href="/economics/page/35348/unit-4243-trade-protectionism" class="card text-body rounded-0 text-decoration-none" data-turbo-frame="_top" data-turbo="false">
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                        Unit 4.2/4.3 Trade protectionism
                                    

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                                            <p class="text-body mb-0 mb-lg-3"> While most economists see a very strong case for free trade between countries, most countries use trade barriers to restrict it. This chapter covers tariffs, quotas, subsidies, and administrative barriers....</p>
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                            19 August 2026
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            alt="Unit 4.1 Benefits of international trade"
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                        Unit 4.1 Benefits of international trade
                                    

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                                            <p class="text-body mb-0 mb-lg-3"> Most economists agree that free international trade benefits the economy's various stakeholders. Evidence suggests that households, firms, and governments have all benefited from increased international...</p>
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                            19 August 2026
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            alt="Costs of inflation and deflation"
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                        Costs of inflation and deflation
                                    

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                                            <p class="text-body mb-0 mb-lg-3"> This lesson focuses on the costs of both inflation and deflation.  The page containing the student activities for this page can be accessed at: Costs of inflation and deflation  What are the costs of...</p>
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                            18 August 2026
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                        Costs of inflation and deflation 
                                    

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                                            <p class="text-body mb-0 mb-lg-3"> This page contains the student activities for the teacher page: Costs of inflation and deflation  Hyper inflation - very high and typically accelerating inflation, of generally several hundred %.  It...</p>
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                            18 August 2026
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