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            <a href="/biology/page/72823/explain-natural-selection-model-answers" class="card text-body rounded-0 text-decoration-none" data-turbo-frame="_top" data-turbo="false">
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                            Activities
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                        Explain natural selection - model answers
                                    

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                                            <p class="text-body mb-0 mb-lg-3"> This page shows suggestions of model answers for the activity Explain natural selection activity on the page Variation & overproduction  These illustrate good students answers and are great for marking,...</p>
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                            20 October 2026
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    <a href="/biology/page/71696/c41-populations-communities" class="card text-body rounded-0 text-decoration-none" data-turbo-frame="_top" data-turbo="false">
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            alt="C4.1 Populations &amp; communities"
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                            eBook
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                        C4.1 Populations & communities
                                    

                    </h5>
                                            <p class="text-body mb-0 mb-lg-3"> Theme C - Interaction and interdependence & Level 4 - Ecosystems This topic provides lots of opportunity for ecological practical work, including random quadrat sampling and capture-mark-release-recapture. ...</p>
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                            20 October 2026
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    <a href="/biology/page/71700/d41-natural-selection" class="card text-body rounded-0 text-decoration-none" data-turbo-frame="_top" data-turbo="false">
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            alt="D4.1 Natural selection"
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                            eBook
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                        D4.1 Natural selection
                                    

                    </h5>
                                            <p class="text-body mb-0 mb-lg-3"> Theme D - Continuity and change  & Level 4 - Ecosystems This topic explores the process of evolution by natural selection. It includes the different types of selection, stabilizing, directional and disruptive...</p>
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                            20 October 2026
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    <a href="/biology/page/71686/a41-evolution-speciation" class="card text-body rounded-0 text-decoration-none" data-turbo-frame="_top" data-turbo="false">
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            src="https://teacher-sites-storage.inthinking.net/ib/biology/images/flickr_cc_commercial_ok/05_evolution/bilateral_butterfly.jpg"
            alt="A4.1 Evolution &amp; speciation"
        >
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                            eBook
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                        A4.1 Evolution & speciation
                                    

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                                            <p class="text-body mb-0 mb-lg-3"> Theme A - Unity and diversity & Level 4 - Ecosystems This topic explores the processes of evolution by natural selection. It goes on to look at speciation and gene pools including the Lotka volterra equation....</p>
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                            20 October 2026
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    <a href="/biology/page/71690/a42-conservation-of-biodiversity" class="card text-body rounded-0 text-decoration-none" data-turbo-frame="_top" data-turbo="false">
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                        A4.2 Conservation of biodiversity
                                    

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                                            <p class="text-body mb-0 mb-lg-3"> Planning sheet for topic A4.2 Conservation of biodiversity  Theme - Theme A - Unity and diversity- Ecosystems This topic explores the concept of biodiversity, it helps students to make comparisons to...</p>
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                            20 October 2026
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            alt="B4.2 Ecological niches"
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                        B4.2 Ecological niches
                                    

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                                            <p class="text-body mb-0 mb-lg-3"> Theme B - Form and function  & Level 4 - Ecosystems This topic explores the meaning of the term ecological niche with a focus on oxygen tolerance and modes of nutrition. Students are introduced to the...</p>
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                            20 October 2026
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            alt="C4.2 Transfers of energy"
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                        C4.2 Transfers of energy
                                    

                    </h5>
                                            <p class="text-body mb-0 mb-lg-3"> Theme C - Interaction and interdependence & Level 4 - Ecosystems This topic explores the flow of energy (and matter) in food chains, through trophic levels. It covers the roles of photoautotrophs and...</p>
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                            20 October 2026
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            alt="D4.2 Stability &amp; change"
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                        D4.2 Stability & change
                                    

                    </h5>
                                            <p class="text-body mb-0 mb-lg-3"> Theme D - Continuity and change  & Level 4 - Ecosystems This topic explores the need for stability for continuity of ecosystems. There is a requirement of an input of energy, usually from the sun, but...</p>
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                            20 October 2026
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            alt="D4.3 Climate change"
        >
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                        D4.3 Climate change
                                    

                    </h5>
                                            <p class="text-body mb-0 mb-lg-3"> Theme D - Continuity and change  & Level 4 - Ecosystems This topic covers the consequences of climate change, the idea that habitats will change, positive feedback will ultimately speed up the rate of...</p>
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                            20 October 2026
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            alt="B3.1 Gas Exchange"
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                        B3.1 Gas Exchange
                                    

                    </h5>
                                            <p class="text-body mb-0 mb-lg-3"> Planning sheet for topic B3.1 Gas Exchange   Theme - Form & function - Organisms This topic explores the concepts of gas exchange surfaces and how they are adapted. In particular, the human lungs are...</p>
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                            20 October 2026
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